VAT calculator: add or remove VAT from a price
Does your price include VAT already? Choose the direction, enter an amount and check the rate. The calculator separates the net price, tax and gross total.
By Invoodle · Updated · Standard-rate references checked 2026-10-19
Single-rate arithmetic only. Check the rate, taxable amount and treatment for your supply. This tool does not check VAT registration, determine place of supply, handle mixed rates or produce a complete tax invoice. It does not save or read your invoice draft.
Changing market resets the rate to its standard-rate starting point and changes currency formatting. It keeps the numeric amount; no currency conversion or tax-jurisdiction check occurs.
Use a decimal point, without commas or currency symbols; up to 2 decimal places.
Verify your supply’s rate. The standard-rate button is a starting point; 0% does not decide an exemption or other tax treatment.
Check United Kingdom rates: HMRC. Standard-rate reference checked 2026-10-19; categories and later changes need checking.
Net, tax and gross
- Net excluding tax
- £1,000.00
- VAT at 20%
- £200.00
- Gross including tax
- £1,200.00
Tax is rounded once to 2 decimals, ties up. Net plus tax equals gross. Your invoice or local rules may use a different method.
A calculation link includes your amount, market, rate and mode. Anyone receiving it can read those values. Typing does not change this page’s URL.
Try a worked example
Fictional amounts at assumed rates; these examples do not classify a supply.
| Input and assumed rate | Net | Tax | Gross |
|---|---|---|---|
| £100 net, add 20% | £100.00 | £20.00 | £120.00 |
| €123 gross, remove 23% | €100.00 | €23.00 | €123.00 |
| AED 105 gross, remove 5% | AED 100.00 | AED 5.00 | AED 105.00 |
Moving from arithmetic to an invoice
Opening the editor does not transfer this calculation or clear an existing draft. Review the document mode, currency, particulars and tax settings yourself.
Open invoice editorStandard-rate starting points and official references
Checked 2026-10-19. These are standard rates, not a complete reduced-rate or exemption list. Australia, New Zealand and Singapore call their tax GST. Regional exceptions, classification and supply dates need separate review.
| Market | Tax / standard rate | Currency display | Official reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | VAT 20% | GBP | HMRC |
| Ireland | VAT 23% | EUR | Revenue |
| United Arab Emirates | VAT 5% | AED | Federal Tax Authority |
| Saudi Arabia | VAT 15% | SAR | ZATCA |
| Germany | USt / VAT 19% | EUR | European Commission: VAT rate table |
| France | TVA / VAT 20% | EUR | European Commission: VAT rate table |
| Spain | IVA / VAT 21% | EUR | European Commission: VAT rate table |
| Italy | IVA / VAT 22% | EUR | European Commission: VAT rate table |
| Netherlands | BTW / VAT 21% | EUR | European Commission: VAT rate table |
| Australia | GST 10% | AUD | ATO |
| New Zealand | GST 15% | NZD | Inland Revenue |
| Singapore | GST 9% | SGD | IRAS |
| South Africa | VAT 15% | ZAR | SARS |
HMRC VAT Notice 700: VAT fractions (7.3.1), invoice particulars (16) and rounding (17.5–17.6)
How to add VAT to a net price
Use Add VAT when your starting price excludes tax. For a net amount N and an assumed rate r%, VAT = N × r ÷ 100. Gross = N + VAT. For example, £100 before tax at an assumed 20% gives £20 VAT and a £120 total.
Before quoting, say whether your amount includes tax. “£100 plus VAT at 20%” and “£100 including VAT at 20%” describe different net prices. Check the treatment before sending either wording to a customer.
How to remove VAT from an inclusive total
Use Remove VAT when tax is already in the price. Before rounding, net = gross × 100 ÷ (100 + rate), and VAT = gross × rate ÷ (100 + rate). At an assumed 20%, a £120 gross amount contains £100 net and £20 VAT.
Taking 20% off £120 would leave £96, which is the wrong net amount for this example. The 20% rate applies to the net price. The VAT fraction at 20% is 20/120, or one sixth of gross; at 23% it is 23/123, and at 5% it is 1/21.
Why small amounts can round differently
This calculator rounds the calculated tax to two decimal places, with an exact half-cent or half-penny rounded up. In add mode it then adds tax to your net amount. In remove mode it subtracts that rounded tax from your gross amount. The displayed net and tax therefore reconcile to gross.
For £0.03 including an assumed 20%, the tax is exactly £0.005 before rounding. This tool shows £0.01 tax and £0.02 net. Independently rounding the unrounded net would give a different answer. Adding VAT back to the rounded net may also differ by a penny.
This is one calculation on one amount, not a line-by-line invoice engine or a universal statutory rounding method. HMRC Notice 700 sections 17.5–17.6 distinguish invoice-trader and retailer methods. Check the rules for your jurisdiction and reconcile to the original document before using a result.
A zero result does not decide VAT treatment
Entering 0% makes the arithmetic tax amount zero. It does not establish that a supply is zero-rated, exempt, outside scope or subject to reverse charge. These are different legal treatments. The calculator does not check registration, place of supply, tax point, input-tax recovery or supporting evidence.
For a mixed-rate invoice, separate the amounts using your checked treatment before calculating. A single blended rate, a registration threshold or the currency you select cannot establish the correct tax. Cross-border supplies, special territories, margin schemes and other special cases need their own review.
Before putting the numbers on an invoice
A net, VAT and gross breakdown is only arithmetic. It does not supply the invoice particulars required in your jurisdiction. Check identities, registrations, dates, descriptions, tax treatment and any required currency presentation against the official guidance for your case.
The Invoodle editor uses one general Tax total. It does not provide separate VAT-rate totals, a VAT registration validator, a reverse-charge workflow or tax-return filing. Its percentage applies to subtotal before the separate order discount. Review calculations and document particulars before issue; this page does not certify a VAT invoice.
Standard-rate starting points checked on 19 October 2026 using the linked official references. This is not a complete rate schedule or a decision about your supply. Reduced rates, exceptions, regions, effective dates and subsequent changes need separate checking.
Frequently asked questions
How do I calculate VAT on top of a price?
Multiply the net price by your checked rate divided by 100, then add the tax. At an assumed 20%, £100 net produces £20 tax and £120 gross. Choose Add VAT if your starting amount excludes tax.
How do I remove 20% VAT from a total?
Divide the gross price by 1.20 before rounding. At an assumed 20%, £120 contains £100 net and £20 VAT. Do not subtract 20% of gross. This tool rounds tax first and balances net to the entered gross.
Can I use this for Ireland or the UAE?
Yes, for single-rate arithmetic. Ireland starts at 23% and the UAE at 5%, the standard-rate references checked on 19 October 2026. Selecting a market resets the rate and currency format. Verify the rate and treatment for your actual supply using the linked authority.
Can I enter a reduced rate or 0%?
Yes. Enter your checked rate with up to three decimal places. The tool accepts 0 to 100 as a calculation range, not a legal rate catalogue. A 0% calculation does not classify a sale as zero-rated, exempt, outside scope or reverse charge.
Does changing the country convert my amount?
No. It changes the currency display and resets the rate to that market’s standard-rate starting point. The numeric amount stays the same. It does not apply an exchange rate or decide which jurisdiction taxes the sale.
Why is my answer different from the original invoice?
Possible reasons include a different rate, mixed-rate items, adjustments or a different rounding method. This tool rounds tax once to two decimal places, ties up, then balances net plus tax to gross. Check the original document and local rules rather than changing a tax record to match the calculator.
Does this save my draft or put the amount in the URL?
Typing changes only the calculation on this page; it does not write to a saved draft or update the URL. Copy calculation link explicitly creates a URL containing the market, amount, rate and mode. Anyone who receives it can read those values. Opening the invoice editor does not transfer them.